Outcome of mechanically ventilated patients initially denied admission to an intensive care unit and subsequently admitted

The outcome of mechanically ventilated patients initially denied admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and subsequently admitted is unclear. We compared outcomes of patients denied ICU admission and subsequently admitted, to those of patients admitted to the ICU and to patients refused ICU admission. The medical records of all the patients who were subjected to mechanical ventilation for at least 24 h over a 4 year period (2010-2014) were reviewed. Of 707 patients (757 admissions), 124 (18%) were initially denied ICU admission and subsequently admitted. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed significant association with death of: age, length of stay, nursing home residency, duration of mechanical ventilation, previous admission with mechanical ventilation, cause for mechanical ventilation, rate of failed extubations, associated morbidity (previous cerebrovascular accident, dementia, chronic renal failure), and occurrence of nosocomial bacteremia. The odds for death among patients denied ICU admission and subsequently transferred to the ICU compared to patients admitted directly to the ICU was 3.6 (95% CI: 1.9-6.7) (P < 0.0001). The odds for death among patients refused ICU admission compared to those who were initially denied and subsequently admitted were not statistically significant (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.8-3.8). In conclusion, patients denied ICU admission and subsequently admitted face a considerable risk of morbidity and mortality. Their odds of death are nearly three times those admitted directly to the ICU. Late admission to the ICU does not appear to provide benefit compared to patients who remain in general medicine wards.