Que retenir des dernières recommandations européennes sur l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique et aiguë ?

Heart failure is the main chronic disease in cardiology. Its prognosis remains poor despite improvements in its management that allow patients to live increasingly longer with this disease, alternating periods of stability and episodes of decompensation. Treatment guidelines are regularly updated to integrate new results of recent trials that are likely to influence routine care. These guidelines are proposed with different classes of recommendations and difference levels of evidence. It is of paramount importance to summarize the guidelines to make them accessible to the vast majority of cardiologists and easier to read to promote their application. Among the main novelties of the last set of European guidelines for the management of heart failure, we note the proposal for a new classification based on the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with a new class, called heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (LVEF 40-50 %), new algorithms for diagnosis and treatment, including the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a special focus on preventive strategies, the management of comorbidities including iron deficiency, simplification of the indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy, and finally a growing attention to patient pathways and to the management of hospital discharge. According to these guidelines, it is important that the physician choose the appropriate medications; but it is equally fundamental that the patient understands the disease and acquires self-care skills needed to become a real player in its management. This requires patient education, which is underdeveloped in France.