Low Testosterone Levels Result in Decreased Periurethral Vascularity via an Androgen Receptor-mediated Process: Pilot Study in Urethral Stricture Tissue

Men with low testosterone levels demonstrate decreased AR and TIE-2 expression and lower vessel counts in periurethral tissue samples of urethral strictures. Our results provide a rationale for a mechanistic relationship between low testosterone levels and decreased periurethral vascularity that may contribute to urethral atrophy in patients with urethral strictures.