Reproductive outcomes of testicular versus ejaculated sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection among men with high levels of DNA fragmentation in semen: systematic review and meta-analysis

Testicular sperm have lower levels of SDF than ejaculated sperm, with Testi-ICSI for high post-testicular SDF men improving reproductive outcomes compared with Ejac-ICSI. Infertile couples may benefit from Testi-ICSI if male partners have confirmed high SDF in the ejaculate.