Clinical and laboratory observationsFactors Associated with Delayed Presentation and Misdiagnosis of Testicular Torsion: A Case-Control Study

We identified factors associated with delay in presentation and misdiagnosis of testicular torsion. Compared with acute cases, delayed presentations were more likely to report isolated abdominal pain, developmental disorders, and history of recent genital trauma. Failure to perform a genitourinary examination or scrotal imaging was associated with misdiagnosis.