Trigeminal nerve stimulation induces Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions, increases hippocampal cell proliferation and reduces seizure severity in rats

Data show that acute TNS effectively counteracted PTZ-induced seizures and boosted hippocampal cell proliferation in rats. TNS increased c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in brainstem and forebrain structures which play a pivotal role in the physiopathology of epilepsy and depression.