Genistein aglycone effect on bone loss is not enhanced by supplemental calcium and vitamin D3: A dose ranging experimental study

The most effective dose of GEN, independent of Ca/D3 supplementation, was 54 mg/day. Higher doses yielded no further improvement in bone biomarkers, histology or strength. Only 1000 mg/day HED of genistein produced statistically significant changes in uterine weight of the SHAM-OVX. This study suggests that 54 mg/day of GEN is the threshold dose for efficacy. In addition, supplemental calcium and vitamin D3, beyond normal dietary intake do not enhance the effects of genistein on improving measures of bone loss. This observation has implications regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation.