کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5849825 1561764 2015 8 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
An exposure and health risk assessment of lead (Pb) in lipstick
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم کشاورزی و بیولوژیک دانش تغذیه
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
An exposure and health risk assessment of lead (Pb) in lipstick
چکیده انگلیسی


- The impact of Pb ingestion from lipstick on blood lead levels (BLLs) was assessed.
- Biokinetic modeling shows that Pb ingestion from lipstick does not alter BLLs.
- Children's BLLs are more influenced by background Pb exposures.
- Presence of hazardous content alone does not define the safety of consumer products.
- This research impacts the significance of Proposition 65 warning label requirements.

Lead (Pb) content in lipstick and other consumer products has become an increasing concern. In 2010, the United States Food and Drug Administration tested 400 lipstick samples and found a maximum Pb concentration of 7.19 ppm. To assess the safety of lipstick in adults that chronically apply lipstick as well as instances where children might incidentally ingest lipstick products, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Adult Lead Model and Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children were used to determine the blood Pb concentrations of adults and children ingesting varying amounts of lipstick of different Pb concentrations. Modeled blood Pb concentrations were compared with oral ingestion guidelines and to the Centers for Disease Control and the US EPA's actionable blood Pb levels of 5 and 10 µg/dL. Background Pb exposure was the primary contributor to estimated blood Pb levels (BLLs) in children and adults, and Pb exposure from lipstick did not significantly increase estimated BLLs. These results suggest that the safety of consumer products and cosmetics should be assessed not only by the presence and amounts of hazardous contents, but also in conjunction with an assessment of estimated background exposures and comparison to health-based standards.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Food and Chemical Toxicology - Volume 80, June 2015, Pages 253-260
نویسندگان
, , , ,