Assessment of dietary cadmium exposure in Sweden and population health concern including scenario analysis

► The median dietary cadmium exposure for adults in Sweden is 1 μg/kg/week. The upper 99th percentile is 1.9-2.2 μg/kg/week. ► Differences in dietary patterns between high and low exposed individuals were observed. ► The present results suggest that there is a margin to the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). ► It is shown that the estimated cadmium exposure can differ considerably between assessments due to methodological issues. ► Potential consequences of the fact that the TWI is dependent on a particular exposure assessment are discussed.