The FEMA GRAS assessment of aliphatic and aromatic terpene hydrocarbons used as flavor ingredients

► Aliphatic and aromatic terpene hydrocarbons used as flavor ingredients and resultant exposure are reported. ► Review of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of terpene hydrocarbons. ► Review of short- and long-term toxicology and reproductive toxicology of terpene hydrocarbons. ► Discussion of effects in bioassays and the relevance to humans. ► Review of genotoxicity data on aliphatic and aromatic terpene hydrocarbons.