Chemical hazard communication comprehensibility in South Africa: Safety implications for the adoption of the globally harmonised system of classification and labelling of chemicals

• Less than half of respondents had health and safety training in their current job.
• Comprehension of labels and safety data sheets was generally low.
• The majority of hazard symbols were of moderate to poor comprehensibility.
• Significant levels of critical confusions occurred with 2 symbols.

Chemical hazard communication is a key strategy to prevent illness and disability from exposures to potentially hazardous chemicals. The Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was developed to strengthen national capacities for safe management of chemicals. In this paper we present the results of a descriptive study on comprehensibility of chemical hazard communication elements. The study of 402 respondents, including 315 workers in the manufacturing, transport and agricultural sectors and 87 consumers was conducted in 2003 to provide data on chemical hazard communication comprehensibility as part of a feasibility study into the possible adoption of the GHS in South Africa. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered instrument developed for the International Labour Office (ILO) to support GHS implementation.Less than half of respondents reported any training in their current jobs in health and safety, and only 34% on labels. Agricultural workers were far less likely to have received any training. In general, comprehension of hazard communication labels and safety data sheets (SDSs) was low. Symbols such as the skull and crossbones (98%) and the flammable (93%) symbol were relatively well understood (either correct or partly correct responses), but the majority of hazard symbols were of moderate to poor comprehensibility (less than 75% correct or partly correct responses). Significant levels of critical confusions (5% or more) occurred with symbols for corrosive and compressed gas. Co-workers and supervisors were identified as important sources of information.If the GHS is to provide a safety framework, there has to be investment in GHS training that emphasises comprehensibility. There should be a focus on those items causing critical confusion and peer trainers should be used. The GHS should be promoted through media to reach consumers. If the GHS fails to address problems of comprehensibility, it will only succeed in facilitating trade in chemicals without ensuing adequate safety.