Differential pattern of cell-surface and soluble TREM-1 between sepsis and SIRS

► We assessed TREM-1 expressions on the cell-surface and plasma levels of sTREM-1. ► Septic patients had increased sTREM-1 and decreased TREM-1 expression on neutrophils compared to SIRS patients. ► Plasma sTREM-1 level positively correlated with severity score and non-survivors had increased plasma sTREM-1 level. ► sTREM-1 may be useful to evaluate disease severity and outcome of patients with SIRS and sepsis.