Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms and serum concentrations with the outcome of chronic hepatitis B

► We investigated the association between HBV infection and cytokine genes. ► Higher serum levels of IFN-γ and TGF-beta1 was observed among HBV infected patients. ► Lower serum levels of IL-10 were found in patients with the active disease. ► The presence of TNF-α −308*A polymorphism suggest a risk of the progressive disease.