Aerobic physical training restores biomechanical properties of Achilles tendon in rats chemically induced to diabetes mellitus

The aim of this study is to evaluate if the application of a moderate aerobic exercise protocol reverses the damage caused by diabetes on the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon.MethodsForty-four rats were divided randomly into four groups as follows: Sedentary Control Group-SCG, Sedentary Diabetic Group-SDG, Trained Control Group-TCG and Trained Diabetic Group-TDG, the trained groups were submitted to a protocol of moderate physical training on a continuous treadmill. For mechanical testing the tendons were fixed in a conventional mechanical testing machine and pulled to the point of failure of the specimen, the cell load of 500 N. The parameters were: Elastic Modulus (MPa), Stress Maximum Strength (MPa), Strain Specific Maximum Force (mm), Energy / Tendon Area (N.mm/mm2) and Cross-sectional Area (mm2).ResultsThe evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon of the SDG indicated that the elastic modulus (MPa) is decreased when compared to the TDG and the other groups (p < 0.01). However, the specific deformation (%), the deformation at maximum force (mm), and energy / tendon area (N.mm/mm2) of the SDG were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Moreover, moderate aerobic training on a treadmill caused the biomechanical property values to move closer to the values shown by the control groups (p > 0.01).ConclusionIn summary, our study indicates that moderate-intensity aerobic training restored the normal mechanical properties of tendons in diabetic animals, since the elastic modulus (MPa), the specific deformation (%), the deformation of the maximum force (mm) and energy / tendon area (N.mm/mm2) approached the values shown by the control groups.