Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR identifies the novel genetic variations of bovine HNF-4α gene associating with growth traits

- We found 6 SNPs in the bovine HNF-4α gene.
- T-ARMS-PCR was used for genotyping for 4 SNPs.
- There were 13 haplotypes in QC, 9 haplotypes in NY and 12 haplotypes in JX.
- Genotypes were significantly associated with growth traits in QC cattle.
- Combined haplotypes were associated markedly with body length in QC cattle.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α), a member of the hepatocyte nuclear factor family, plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in the development, differentiation and normal function of liver and pancreatic β cells, as well as the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is a new method offering fast detection and extreme simplicity at a negligible cost for SNP genotyping. In this paper, we characterize the polymorphisms of the bovine HNF-4α gene in three Chinese indigenous cattle breeds (n = 660). Six novel SNPs were identified including 1 mutation in the coding region and others in introns. The statistical analyses indicated that 4 SNPs (g.T53729C, g.A53861G, g.A65188C and g.T65444C) affected growth traits markedly (P < 0.05) in Qinchuan cattle (2 years after birth). Besides, haplotypes involving these 4 SNP sites in the bovine HNF-4α gene were identified and their effects on growth traits were also analyzed. The results showed that haplotypes 2, 7, 9 and 11 were predominant and accounted for 73.2%, 59.6%, and 67.1% in Qinchuan, Nanyang and Jiaxian cattle breeds, respectively. Hap9 (TAAT) was extremely predominant in all test populations, which suggested that individuals with Hap9 were more adapted to the environment. Furthermore, 4 combined haplotypes were constructed to guarantee the reliability of analysis results in Qinchuan cattle. There were also significant differences in body length (P < 0.05). These findings will benefit for the application of DNA marker related to the growth traits on marker-assisted selection (MAS), and improve the performance of beef cattle.