Clouding behaviour in surfactant systems

A study on the phenomenon of clouding and the applications of cloud point technology has been thoroughly discussed. The phase behaviour of clouding and various methods adopted for the determination of cloud point of various surfactant systems have been elucidated. The systems containing anionic, cationic, nonionic surfactants as well as microemulsions have been reviewed with respect to their clouding phenomena and the effects of structural variation in the surfactant systems have been incorporated. Additives of various natures control the clouding of surfactants. Electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, organic substances as well as ionic surfactants, when present in the surfactant solutions, play a major role in the clouding phenomena. The review includes the morphological study of clouds and their applications in the extraction of trace inorganic, organic materials as well as pesticides and protein substrates from different sources.

Graphical AbstractCloud point behaviour of nonionic surfactant systems has wide applications in separation technology.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideResearch Highlight
► Clouding behavior and basic principles of clouding in surfactant systems.
► Clouding in anionic as well as cationic surfactants.
► Role of additives on clouding phenomenon.
► The morphological study of clouds.
► Applications in the extraction of trace inorganic, pesticides and proteins.