Soluble monosodium urate, but not its crystal, induces toll like receptor 4-dependent immune activation in renal mesangial cells

Our results suggested that soluble MSU, but not MSU crystals, induce NLRP3, IL-1β, HLA-DR and CD40 upregulation in a TLR4-dependent manner. These findings indicate that soluble MSU may play a pathological role in hyperuricemia induced renal mesangial injury.