Short CommunicationTempo and mode of speciation in Holacanthus angelfishes based on RADseq markers

- A fully resolved and robust phylogeny of the angelfish genus Holacanthus, based on hundreds of RADseq markers is proposed.
- Speciation occurred within the Tropical Western Atlantic and within the Tropical Eastern Pacific approximately 1.5 Mya.
- Speciation occurred in peripatry in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and in sympatry in the Tropical Western Atlantic.

In this study we estimated the timing of speciation events in a group of angelfishes using 1186 RADseq markers corresponding to 94,880 base pairs. The genus Holacanthus comprises seven species, including two clades of Panama trans-Isthmian geminates, which diverged approximately 3-3.5 Mya. These clades diversified within the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP, three species) and Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA, two species) which our data suggest to have occurred within the past 1.5 My in both ocean basins, but may have proceeded via different mechanisms. In the TEP, speciation is likely to have followed a peripatric pathway, while in the TWA, sister species are currently partially sympatric, thus raising the possibility of sympatric speciation. This study highlights the use of RADseq markers for estimating both divergence times and modes of speciation at a 1-3 My timescale.

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