Molecular phylogeny of Aphyocharacinae (Characiformes, Characidae) with morphological diagnoses for the subfamily and recognized genera

► We investigate the monophyly of Aphyocharacinae (Characiformes, Characidae). ► We conducted separately parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and bayesian analyses. ► Aphyocharacinae is a non-monophyletic group. ► Four species were removed from the group including two genera and Leptagoniates pi. ► The genus Aphyocharacidium was included within the Aphyocharacinae.