Phylogeny and evolution of Indo-Pacific shrimp-associated gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)

► Shrimp gobies are small fish that live in a burrow with shrimp. ► Phylogeny was inferred for seven genera of Indo-Pacific shrimp gobies and other Gobiidae. ► Shrimp association has evolved twice among gobies. ► Cryptic species diversity was detected in the genus Mahidolia. ► Species diversity was clarified in the genus Amblyeleotris.