Molecular genetic analysis and ecological evidence reveals multiple cryptic species among thynnine wasp pollinators of sexually deceptive orchids

► Sexually deceptive orchids lure their wasp pollinators by mimicking the sex pheromone. ► Cryptic wasp species may therefore be frequent given the importance of chemical cues. ► Phylogenetic, chemical and ecological data revealed multiple cryptic wasp species. ► Simple chemical changes are implicated in both wasp and orchid speciation.