The evolutionary history and biogeography of Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): An emphasis on African acacias

► Six clades retrieved: Acacia, Acaciella, Ingeae, Mariosousa, Senegalia and Vachellia. ► Mimosoideae originated in the Paleocene (55 million years ago) preceding numerous dispersals. ► Adaptations to open habitats occurred during the Miocene. ► Increasing aridity and fire climates probably led to the decrease of the forest cover.