Mitochondrial-driven sustained active water vapour absorption (WVA) in the firebrat, Thermobia domestica (Packard), during development and the moulting cycle

Rapid pre-functional mitochondrial biogenesis in the short-lived first-instar nymph occurs in the cells of the developing posterior rectal sacs which when mature are the organs believed to be responsible for sustained active water vapour absorption (WVA) in the firebrat Thermobia domestica (Packard). During the second instar, the mitochondria migrate apically and begin to associate with deep portasome-studded infolds of the apical plasma membrane (apm), just as WVA starts sporadically. By mid to late in the third instar the mature mitochondria-apm apical complex is fully developed, with elongated tubular mitochondria vertically packed hexagonally in transverse section and adpressed to the deeply pleated infolds of the apm, giving the greatest known concentration of mitochondria. This coincides with peak mass-specific WVA. During moults, WVA temporarily ceases as the sac cells secrete a new cuticle overlying the sac epithelium. Their apical complex fully regresses. Mitochondria migrate perinuclearly. The apm is pinched-off into numerous small portasome-studded pouches which remain sequestered within the cytoplasm. Towards the end of the moult the apm pouches reassemble into deeply pleated infolds into which the mitochondria migrate and elongate, rapidly re-establishing the hexagonal array of the apical complex. This coincides with the recommencement of WVA.