Characterization and Analysis of Carbon Deposited during the Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni/La2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts

Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/La2O3/α-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation and evaporation methods. Their catalytic properties for the dry reforming of methane without a diluting gas were studied. The fresh and used catalysts and deposited carbon were characterized by H2 temperature-programmed reduction, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry, and temperature-programmed hydrogenation. The results showed that there were four carbon species that existed as three types, namely, amorphous (polymeric), filamentous, and graphitic carbon. The amount and type of carbon species on the catalysts depended on the size of Ni particles and texture of the support. The formation and morphology of filamentous carbon were clearly related to the size of Ni particles. Ni particles less than 15 nm suppressed the formation and deposition of filamentous carbons, decreased the amount of carbon deposition, and had more active Cα species, resulting in a better activity and higher stability of the catalysts.