Recent advances with anisotropic particles

Colloidal micro- and nanoparticles with controlled internal architectures have attracted recent interest because of their promising properties for drug delivery, molecular imaging and self-assembly. A variety of interesting and efficient particle strategies have been investigated spanning from polymeric, organic, to inorganic and metallic materials. In spite of intense activities in this area, accurate engineering of anisotropy in sub-micron particles remains challenging. Here, we summarize and discuss current trends related to particles that are complex in shapes, surfaces, and compartments. Additionally, this review article aims at presenting the benefits and limitations of current methods and identifies future directions for research in the field.

Graphical AbstractRecent advances in preparing anisotropic particles are summarized in the viewpoint of their complexity in shapes, surfaces, and compartments.Figure optionsDownload high-quality image (84 K)Download as PowerPoint slideResearch Highlights
► Preparation of multifunctional particles remains an unmet need for drug delivery.
► Particle shapes determine biological function in various biomedical applications.
► Selectively controlled surface patterns enable unique ways of particle self-assembly.
► Compartmentalized particles allow for mimicry of essential features of human cells.
► Future work need to integrate multiple functional elements within the same particle.