Evolution of cervical cancer screening and prevention in United States and Canada: Implications for public health practitioners and clinicians

► We review major events leading to HPV-based prevention. ► We review vaccine and screening recommendations and practices in United States and Canada. ► The United States is implementing HPV co-testing and at least one provence in Canada has recommended but not implementing primary HPV testing. ► Recommendations for cervical cancer screening in women vaccinated with HPV vaccine has not yet changed but are very likely to change in the near future. ► Efficiency of cervical cancer still need to occur despite available technologies in both countries.