A multitechnique study of the interactions between H+, Na+, Ca2+ and Cu2+, and two types of softwood Kraft fibre materials

Aiming for a better understanding of the interactions between water suspended cellulose fibres and metal ions, this study was focused on characterising the interactions between Ca2+, Cu2+ and two different fibre materials—a fully bleached softwood Kraft pulp, and a chemically modified fully bleached softwood Kraft fibre material. The study was conducted as a function of pH (2–7), and both in the absence and presence of an excess of Na+ ions, 0–100 mM Na(Cl). For both fibre materials, adsorption data collected in the absence of Na+ were fully explained by the unspecific Donnan ion-exchange model. However, in an excess of Na(Cl), data clearly indicated that higher amounts of divalent metal ions adsorbed, than predicted by the Donnan model. Therefore, to model these data, specific metal ion–fibre surface complexes were assumed to form, in addition to the Donnan ion-exchange. A neutral surface species involving two surface carboxylate groups and one metal ion was, for both metal ions, found to yield a good description of data at all ionic strengths. In the case of Cu2+, the existence of this complex was corroborated by Cu K-edge EXAFS data, suggesting that copper ions interacts directly with carboxyl groups present int the fibres. EXAFS data also indicate that one Cu2+ interacts with two carboxyls.

In combination with unspecific Donnan interactions, specific interactions between divalent metal ions (Ca2+ and Cu2+) and cellulose fibre carboxylic groups were evidenced from both macroscopic adsorption data and spectroscopic measurements.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide