The association of Na,K-ATPase subunits studied by circular dichroism, surface tension and dilatational elasticity

Different stoichiometries are observed between α and β subunits of Na,K-ATPase that depend on the method employed to solubilize and purify the enzyme. It is not known whether this variability is due to loss of protein–protein association, or is a result of the replacement of essential phospholipids by detergent molecules. With the aim of understanding the effect of enzyme/surfactant ratio on both the catalytic activity and the enzyme structure, we have investigated the bulk and surface properties of the enzyme. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra, surface tension and dilatational surface elasticity results were compared with the residual ATPase activity of the Na,K-ATPase in different surfactant and protein concentrations. Na,K-ATPase in the (αβ)2 form dissociated to the αβ form on dilution, and associated to the (αβ)4 form when concentrated. These different stoichiometries have similar ATPase activities and are in equilibrium at C12E8 concentrations below the CMC (0.053 mg mL−1). At detergent concentrations above the CMC the ATPase activity of all forms was abolished, which is concomitant with the dissociation of the α and β subunits.

A direct dependence of the detergent/protein concentration ratio on the Na,K-ATPase structure is described. Subunit dissociation results in the loss of ATPase activity and changes in the CD spectra.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide