The effect of in-hospital developmental care on neonatal morbidity, growth and development of preterm Taiwanese infants: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionIntervention studies of developmental care for preterm infants in Western societies have shown early but unsustainable effects on child outcomes, however only a limited of studies have examined if developmental care interventions produce similar effects in Eastern cultural contexts.AimsTo examine the effectiveness of in-hospital developmental care on neonatal morbidity, growth and development of preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight < 1500 g) in Taiwan.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-eight VLBW preterm infants were randomly assigned to the clinical trial during hospitalization at three hospitals in Taiwan; the control group received five sessions of standard child-focused developmental care and the intervention group received five sessions of child- and parent-focused developmental care. Sixty-two normal term infants were also included as a comparison group. Infants were examined for morbidity, growth and developmental outcomes at term age.ResultsAt study entry, more infants in the intervention group were twins or multiples than those in the control group (29% vs. 16%, p = 0.05). After adjusting for birth set, the intervention group had lower incidences of stage II-III retinopathy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.79]; p = 0.01) and feeding desaturation (OR = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.10-1.00]; p = 0.05) and had greater daily weight gains (difference = 2.0 g/day [95% CI: 0-4.0 g/day]; p = 0.05) as compared with the control group. However, the intervention and control groups did not differ in any of the neurodevelopmental measures.ConclusionsIn-hospital developmental care has short-term benefits for Taiwanese VLBW preterm infants in reducing the risk of retinopathy and feeding desaturation as well as in enhancing weight gains at term age.