Abnormal expression of growth differentiation factor 9Â and bone morphogenetic protein 15 in stimulated oocytes during maturation from women with polycystic ovary syndrome

The results suggest that the expression of GDF9 and BMP15 in oocytes from patients with PCOS cannot reach the normal level even after ovarian stimulation and that the expression pattern is abnormal during oocyte maturation, which may be associated with impaired oocyte quality and developmental competence in PCOS.