Roughening of metallic biomaterials by abrasiveless waterjet peening: Characterization and viability

► Grit-less waterjet peening promotes a rough surface without contamination. ► 316 LVM shows stronger erosion than Ti6Al4V, diminishing with WP traverse speed. ► In 316 LVM subsurface grain refinement occurs, 10-20 μm deep. ► In 316 LVM hardness increases 50% beneath the surface affecting a depth of 100 μm. ► In Ti6Al4V erosion occurs without subsurface hardening or microstructural changes.