Avoidable tragedies: Disparities in healthcare access among medically underserved women diagnosed with cervical cancer

- Barriers to care between early and locally advanced cervix cancer
- Health Beliefs Inventory, Literacy test, and Health Locus of Control Scales
- Late-stage Cervix Cancer associated with more ER visits and lack of primary care provider

BackgroundThe purpose was to identify barriers including logistical and health belief correlates of late stage presentation of cervical cancer (CxCa) among medically underserved women presenting to a safety net health care system.MethodsWomen presenting with newly diagnosed CxCa were asked to complete a detailed health belief survey that included questions about barriers to care and their knowledge of CxCa. All information was collected prior to initiating cancer treatment. Comparisons were made among women diagnosed at early stages of disease amendable to surgical treatment (≤ IB1) and those diagnosed at a stage requiring local-regional or systemic/palliative treatment (≥ IB2).ResultsAmong the 138 women, 21.7% were diagnosed with ≤ lB1 disease, while 78.3% were diagnosed with ≥ IB2 disease. Late-stage diagnosis was associated with a greater number of emergency room (ER) visits (p < .001) and blood transfusions (p < .001) prior to diagnosis. Compared to 88% with ≤ lB1 disease, only 53% of patients with ≥ IB2 disease had a car (p = .003). Women with ≥ IB2 disease were more likely to be without a primary care provider (75.0% vs. 42.3%, p = .001).ConclusionAccess to transportation and lack of a regular primary care provider or a medical home are associated with late-stage of CxCa at diagnosis. Many medically underserved women continue to use the ER as their primary source of health care, and as a result their CxCa is diagnosed in advanced stages, with higher medical costs and lower chances of cure. The lack of Medicaid expansion in Texas may result in a worsening of this situation.