Unilocular anterior mandibular swelling

PurposeTo report a rare case of chondromyxoid fibroma, presenting as an unilocular anterior mandibular swelling, which is one of the least common tumours of bone comprising less than 1% of bone tumours and to review the differential diagnosis and literature for a better understanding of this disease as well as addressing the controversies in respect with its treatment.Materials and methodsPrevious reports about this lesion in literature were reviewed wherein data was recorded about the age, sex, race, location of pathology, presenting signs and symptoms, duration of pathology, size, radiographic findings, treatment and any recurrence on follow-up.Results25 cases were studied and data compiled. Multisectional histopathological examination is advocated to differentiate it from osteosarcoma. Enucleation with or without curettage with long-term follow-up has been considered to be a satisfactory treatment modality.ConclusionThe rarity of the lesion, limited data on the clinical presentation, histological dilemma and treatment options replete with controversies make it a tough predicament. A thorough understanding of the disease and treatment options is indispensable to treat such a case.