Research ReportNoise occlusion in discrete tone sequences as a tool towards auditory predictive processing?

- We aimed to show predictive processing during noise occlusion of discrete tones.
- A subtraction approach isolated behind-noise ERP correlates of auditory processing.
- For predictable tones, behind-noise ERP activity was similar to tone-related activity.
- ERP control analyses point towards contributions of predictability-unrelated factors.
- Tones were not illusorily perceived behind the noise regardless of predictability.

The notion of predictive coding is a common feature of many theories of auditory information processing. Experimental demonstrations of predictive auditory processing often rest on omitting predictable input in order to uncover the prediction made by the brain. Findings show that auditory cortical activity elicited by the omission of a predictable tone resembles the activity elicited by the actual tone. Here we attempted to extend this approach towards using noises instead of omissions in order to capture a more prevalent case of degraded sensory input. By applying a subtraction approach to remove ERP effects of the noise itself, auditory cortical activity elicited “behind” the noise was uncovered. We hypothesized that ERPs elicited behind noise stimuli covering predictable tones should be more similar to ERPs elicited by the actual tones than when the same comparison is made for unpredictable tones. ERP results during passive listening partly confirm this hypothesis, but also point towards some methodological caveats in this particular approach towards studying neural correlates of predictive auditory processing due to contributions from predictability-unrelated factors. A follow-up active listening condition indicated that participants were not more likely to perceive the tone sequence as continuous when a predictable tone was covered with noise than when this pertained to an unpredictable tone. Overall, the noise-based paradigm in its present form was not shown to be successful in revealing predictive processing in perceptual judgments or early neural correlates of sound processing. We discuss these findings in the contexts of predictive processing and illusory auditory continuity.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.