Research ReportThe processing of phonological, orthographical, and lexical information of Chinese characters in sentence contexts: An ERP study

In the current work, we aimed to study the processing of phonological, orthographical, and lexical information of Chinese characters in sentence contexts, as well as to provide further evidence for psychological models. In the experiment, we designed sentences with expected, homophonic, orthographically similar, synonymous, and control characters as endings, respectively. The results indicated that P200 might be related to the early extraction of phonological information. Moreover, it might also represent immediate semantic and orthographic lexical access. This suggested that there might be a dual-route in cognitive processing, where the direct access route and the phonologically mediated access route both exist and interact with each other. The increased N400 under the control condition suggested that both phonological and orthographical information would influence semantic integration in Chinese sentence comprehension. The two positive peaks of the late positive shift might represent the semantic monitoring, and orthographical retrieval and reanalysis processing, respectively. Under the orthographically similar condition, orthographical retrieval and reanalysis processing was more difficult in comparison with the other conditions, which suggested that there might be direct access from orthography to semantic representation in cognitive processing. In conclusion, it was shown that the direct access hypothesis or the dual-route hypothesis could better explain cognitive processing in the brain.

Research Highlights►P200 might be related to the early extraction of phonological information. ►P200 might also represent immediate semantic and orthographic lexical access. ►Both phonological and orthographical information influence semantic integration. ►LPS represents the monitoring, orthographical retrieval, and reanalysis processing. ►The direct access or dual-route hypothesis is appropriate in cognitive processing.