Learning and memory in Octopus vulgaris: a case of biological plasticity

- Octopuses are successful animals in a great variety of learning paradigms.
- Cephalopods' learning still contribute to neuroscience and physiology.
- Learning in octopus provided a template for cybernetics.
- Cephalopods behavioral plasticity candidate invertebrates as EU regulated species.

Here we concisely summarize major aspects of the learning capabilities of the cephalopod mollusc Octopus vulgaris, a solitary living marine invertebrate. We aim to provide a backdrop against which neurobiology of these animals can be further interpreted and thus soliciting further interest for one of the most advanced members of invertebrate animals.