The long and short of GABAergic neurons

► We review selected corticopetal and corticofugal long-range GABAergic projections. ► Different technical approaches are discussed. ► GABAergic long-range projecting cells constitute a heterogeneous population. ► Long-range GABAergic neurons preferentially target inhibitory interneurons in distant brain regions. ► We propose that long-range GABAergic neurons synchronize distant neuronal networks.