کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6267161 | 1294931 | 2013 | 8 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Adult rats emit two categories of ultrasonic vocalizations, 22Â kHz calls and 50Â kHz calls. These vocalizations communicate animal's emotional state to other members of the social group. Production of social vocalizations is an evolutionary old activity in vertebrates, and is regulated by well-preserved brain circuitries. The 22Â kHz calls express negative, aversive state and are initiated by activity of the mesolimbic cholinergic system originating from laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. The 50Â kHz calls express positive, appetitive state and are initiated by activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system originating from the ventral tegmental area. The 22Â kHz calls serve as warning and alarm calls, while the 50Â kHz calls serve as affiliative and social-cooperating calls. These specie-specific vocalizations play role of ethological transmitters, termed ethotransmitters, that is, they are species-specific signals that are selectively recognized by receivers and have capability of changing emotional state of the receivers.
⺠The ascending mesolimbic cholinergic system initiates negative emotional state. ⺠The ascending mesolimbic dopaminergic system initiates positive emotional state. ⺠The negative and positive states are signaled by 22 kHz and 50 kHz vocalizations. ⺠State-specific vocalizations can change emotional state of the recipients. ⺠Species-specific signals changing state of recipients are ethotransmitters.
Journal: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - Volume 23, Issue 3, June 2013, Pages 310-317