Differential subcellular distribution of ion channels and the diversity of neuronal function

Following the astonishing molecular diversity of voltage-gated ion channels that was revealed in the past few decades, the ion channel repertoire expressed by neurons has been implicated as the major factor governing their functional heterogeneity. Although the molecular structure of ion channels is a key determinant of their biophysical properties, their subcellular distribution and densities on the surface of nerve cells are just as important for fulfilling functional requirements. Recent results obtained with high resolution quantitative localization techniques revealed complex, subcellular compartment-specific distribution patterns of distinct ion channels. Here I suggest that within a given neuron type every ion channel has a unique cell surface distribution pattern, with the functional consequence that this dramatically increases the computational power of nerve cells.

► The subcellular distribution of ion channels determines their functional roles. ► Novel localization techniques are used to study the distribution of ion channels. ► Each examined ion channel subtype has a unique distribution in pyramidal cells. ► This complex distribution patterns increase the computational power of nerve cells.