Protein SUMOylation in spine structure and function

► SUMOylation is a post-translational modification associated with transcription. ► Recently, several neuronal proteins have been shown to be SUMO targets. ► Neuronal protein SUMOylation regulates spine development, structure and function. ► Many neuronal SUMO targets have no ascribed function so far. ► Further work is likely to show SUMOylation regulates many other processes.