Axonal regeneration is compromised in NFH-LacZ transgenic mice but not in NFH-GFP mice

► Two transgenic lines of mice were developed to study neuron cytoskeleton. ► Axonal regeneration was examined along the sciatic nerve following a crush. ► NFH-GFP mice represent a valuable in vivo model to investigate axonal regeneration. ► Lack of axonal neurofilaments reduces nerve conduction and efficacy of axonal regeneration.