The effects of footshock and immobilization stress on tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in the rat locus coeruleus and adrenal gland

▶Stress causes changes in catecholaminergic cells in the brain and adrenal medulla. ▶We examined the effects of footshock and immobilization stress over 40 min. ▶We measured tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation at three serine residues. ▶Footshock changed tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation more than immobilization. ▶Footshock decreased serine 19 and increased serine 31 phosphorylation.