Energy budgeting and emergy synthesis of rainfed maize-wheat rotation system with different soil amendment applications

- Substituted 50% NPK fertilizers through FYM maintained greater energy efficiencies.
- In situ green manuring had higher environmental sustainability indices.
- FYM or green manuring benefitting a 50% saving on direct and non-renewable energy.
- 100% FYM had not an environment-friendly option for soil conservation.