Rediscovering traditional vegetation management in preserves: Trading experiences between cultures and continents

► Culturally-related disturbances may have sustained rare species. ► Species richness, heterogeneity and function may decline without management. ► Fire, cutting, mowing and/or grazing cannot always be used in nature preserves. ► Certain ecosystems may never have been exposed to natural disturbances. ► The pre-settlement concept may preclude livestock grazing in certain preserves.