The global extent and character of marine mammal consumption by humans: 1970-2009

► We review approximately 900 sources of information about marine mammal consumption by humans. ► Consumption of marine mammals is geographically widespread and taxonomically diverse. ► Modes of acquisition have changed over time. ► One of the greatest concerns is the increased use of small cetaceans caught in fishing gear. ► Regions where hunger and poverty encourage greater use of marine mammal products will require attention to the drivers of food and economic security in order to accomplish conservation objectives.