Sediment management and flow patterns at river bend due to triangular vanes attached to the bank

Triangular vanes are hydraulic structures used for bank protection and habitat restoration for fish and other aquatic organisms. There are limitations on the design criteria for this newly-introduced structure; therefore, the main goal of this paper is to present test results carried out on different alternatives of multiple vanes with different spaces between the vanes under different hydraulic conditions in a 90-degree mild flume bend. In addition, 3D components of flow velocity were measured in tests with and without an installed single vane. The triangular vanes create a counterclockwise secondary flow cell near the outer bank, which counteracts the clockwise main secondary flow cell in the bend for a distance of about 5le (le is the vane's effective length) downstream of the vane's position. With multiple vanes in place, the thalweg was found to be shifted toward the flume midway from the outer bank. Moreover, by increasing the space between the triangular vanes, the scour around the vane's tip and its development to the outer bank increased. Therefore, it is concluded that triangular vanes perform best when they are spaced at 5le or less.