A semi-mechanistic integrated toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK/TD) model for arsenic(III) in hepatocytes

► We present a theoretical model coupling kinetics/dynamics of arsenic in hepatocytes. ► The modeled antioxidant mechanism is based on a novel pathway of Nrf2 activation. ► The model estimations are assessed with data of DNA damage in human hepatocytes. ► The analysis highlights the importance of feedback loops to antioxidant response