Male fecundity and optimal gametocyte sex ratios for Plasmodium falciparum during incomplete fertilization

► Fecundity differences under incomplete fertilization impacts gametocyte sex ratio. ► Moderate to high variation with fecundity differences and incomplete fertilization. ► Female-biased sex ratios with differential fecundity and incomplete fertilization. ► Male-biased sex ratios with added variation in strain population sizes. ► Combine incomplete fertilization, fecundity differences, population size variation.