Gaps between farmer and attainable yields across rainfed sunflower growing regions of Argentina

► We report gaps between farmer (reporting district) and attainable (trial) yields. ► Gaps are significant (p < 0.05) and range between 20% and 77% of farmer yield. ► Country-wide mean farmer yields are 1.9 t ha, half that of top-decile trial yields. ► Trial yield variance is dominated (>85%) by environment (year, site) effects. ► Magnitude of gaps justifies research into their causes and mitigation thereof.