Changes in hemolymph oxyhemocyanin, acid-base balance, and electrolytes in Marsupenaeus japonicus under combined ammonia and nitrite stress

► We combined ammonia and nitrite to measure the physiological changes in hemolymph of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. ► The hemplymph parameters included that hemolymph acid-base balance, electrolytes, oxyhemocyanin and protein. ► All the parameters decreased under ambient ammonia or nitrite, but pO2 increased. ► Combined ammonia and nitrite stress may therefore exert a synergistic effect on shrimp relative to the stress induced by ammonia or nitrite alone.